The first group of United Nations military observers to supervise the ceasefire between India and Pakistan in the State of Jammu and Kashmir arrived in the mission area on 24 January of 1949. By signing up you agree to allow POLITICO to collect your user information and use it to better recommend content to you, send you email newsletters or updates from POLITICO, and share insights based on aggregated user information. To zoom in/out the map, simply click on the square buttons with +/ - symbols to adjust. Though the mission may have dropped from public attention, the United States still has boots on the ground in the other nation it invaded in the wake of 9/11. The United Nations Civilian Police Support Group (UNPSG) was established on 19 December 1997 to continue monitoring the performance of the Croatian police in the Danube region, particularly with respect to the return of displaced persons. The United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) was established on 9 April 1991, following the forced withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait after the Gulf War. UNAMIR's mandate came to an end on 8 March 1996. President JOE BIDEN: Today, I am praying for the families of those 13 fallen warriors, who lost a piece of their soul one year ago. On 11 July 2011, UNMIS terminated its operations with the completion of the interim period agreed on by the Government of Sudan and Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. You can view a fulllist of countries contributing to all missions on thetroop and police contributorspage. In recent years, Washington has pulled back from its previously more extensive role in the country, but has stayed on in a limited capacity in some areas, ostensibly to fight ISIL (ISIS) and limit Irans influence in the country. The other three: Reps. JASON CROW (D-Colo.), ANDY KIM (D-N.J.) and RO KHANNA (D-Calif.). By its resolution 2284 (2016) of 28 April 2016, the Security Council extended the mandate of UNOCI for a final period until 30 June 2017. In 2022, the European Commission and its member states contributed $770 million in aid. Russia begins 2022 with air strikes on civilian infrastructure in Syria (Photos) In addition to the adjustments of the mandate after the 1982 Israeli-Lebanese war and after the Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon to the Blue Line in 2000, its mandate was again expanded in August 2006 following the Israeli-Hizbullah war. The top ten troop and police contributing countries to the mission are listed below. They are going to get rolled up and slaughtered, said one former senior defense official. DOD provides air support, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, as well as military advice all of which are essential to the SDFs counterterrorism operations, he said. UNTAG was terminated with the accession of Namibia to independence on 21 March 1990. The United Nations Preventive Deployment Force in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (UNPREDEP) was established on 31 March 1995 to monitor and report any developments in the border areas which could undermine confidence and stability in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and threaten its territory. Since then, UNDOF has remained in the area to maintain the ceasefire between the Israeli and Syrian forces and to supervise the implementation of the disengagement agreement. This is their most sustainable posture: A light footprint, said ANDREW TABLER, a top Syria official in the Trump administrations White House and State Department. In 2014, the Security Council authorized by resolution 2149 (2014) the deployment of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) with the protection of civilians as its utmost priority. By resolution 2466 (2019), the Council extended the mandate of MINUJUSTH for a final period until 15 October 2019. This unit will be based in Baidoa, Somalia's Southwest state, where they will spend a year The official administration line is that these forces, primarily special operators, are there to help the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) fight the remnants of the Islamic State terrorist group, which is still very much active despite the 2019 defeat of the so-called caliphate. Military bases in Iraq and Syria that hold American troops were attacked Wednesday, though no US forces were killed in the strikes, according to Iraqi officials and the US-led coalition. You can unsubscribe at any time and can contact us here. The United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM I) was established on 20 December 1988 to monitor the withdrawal of Cuban troops and equipment from Angola in accordance with a timetable agreed between the Governments of Angola and Cuba that was completed by 25 May 1991. The Mission completed its mandate on 31 December 2010, in accordance with resolution 1923 (2010) and at the request of the Chadian Government, which had pledged full responsibility for protecting civilians on its territory. estimated to have up to 3,000 military personnel in Syria (2022) note: Iran has recruited, trained, and funded thousands of Syrian and foreign fighters to support the ASAD regime during the Syrian civil war Ireland 130 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 320 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022) Italy The US has conducted raids against senior ISIL and al-Qaeda leaders in Syria, including, The official goal of the Americans in Syria is defeating ISIS and ensuring that ISIS does not return to the areas that have been liberated, said Mzahem Alsaloum, a Syrian analyst. The United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) was established on 31 May 1974 bySecurity Council resolution 350 (1974), following the agreed disengagement of the Israeli and Syrian forces in the Golan. This past Thursday, in a reversal of President Donald Trump's decision to withdraw all U.S. military forces from Syria, the White House announced that "a small peacekeeping group of about 200 will remain in Syria for a period of time." President Donald Trump has come under fierce. Rebuilding schools and futures: the impact of UNDOF's Quick Impact Projects. reported. The United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) was established on 21 May 2004, in order to support and help to implement the efforts undertaken by Burundians to restore lasting peace and bring about national reconciliation, as provided under the Arusha Agreement of 28 August 2000. They are facing a very aggressive Chinese Communist Party at this point in time, and they need to know that they have an ally in the United States, she said in an interview with our own NICOLLE LIU before boarding. [I]f the diesel generators hadnt turned on, if the automation and our staff of the plant had not reacted after the blackout, then we would already be forced to overcome the consequences of the radiation accident. In September 2014, a US-led coalition launched air raids against ISIL in Syria, as part of a campaign it was already conducting in Iraq. In a remote part of Syria's northeast, a few kilometers from the oil-rich town of Rumeilan . European sanctions have never prevented the delivery of humanitarian aid to Syria. It is late January when Jurga Didziokaite returns to the Faouar school in Syria that the United Nations Disengagement Observation Force (UNDOF) peacekeepers recently refurbished. The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) was established by the Security Council on 28 May 2010 through the adoption of resolution 1925 (2010), to succeed the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC). There were no questions, he said, just beating, per the Post. The cost of a medal is 560 rubles. Were not above criticism here at NatSec Daily, and we thank Lord for his thoughtful response. He also made smart points about how some of the items will be implemented in a few months but admitted the plan will take years to fully bake in because of the need for congressional buy-in. BLACKBURN CALLS TAIWAN A COUNTRY DURING VISIT: Sen. MARSHA BLACKBURN (R-Tenn.) described Taiwan as a "country" in passing during a visit to island, likely to anger China which sees Taiwan as a part of its sovereign territory, The Washington Posts EVA DOU and CHRISTIAN SHEPHERD reported. Below is a list of all sixty-two peacekeeping operations as well as three advance or observer missions established by the Security Council, with a short description on the basis of the content of the Repertoire as well as links to the sections covering them in the Repertoire. UNAMIC was absorbed by UNTAC in March 1992. Nearby fires caused the last electric power lines at the Russian-controlled plant, Europes largest, to disconnect twice on Thursday, troubling leaders in the U.S. and Ukraine. 2. "The situation is not one in which there is a force that would be ready to fill the vacuum were we to simply leave, the senior administration official said. The UN Peacekeeping Capability Readiness System (PCRS) aims to establish a more predictable and dynamic process of interaction between the UN Headquarters and Member States for strengthening. The United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) was established on 21 December 1995 to contribute to the establishment of the rule of law in Bosnia and Herzegovina by assisting in reforming and restructuring the local police, assessing the functioning of the existing judicial system and monitoring and auditing the performance of the police and others involved in the maintenance of law and order. On 20 July 2012, the Security Council extended the mission for 30 days and said that any further extension could be possible only ''in the event that the Secretary-General reports and the. Here are some examples: They say they are on a "peacekeeping" mission. There is no peacekeeping mission in Syria. Top UN-appointed rights investigators on Wednesday urged renewed efforts for a political solution to Syria's devastating war, which has been marked by an uptick of violence and a deepening humanitarian crisis in recent months. UNOMUR was officially closed on 21 September 1994. The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was originally established to help implement the Arusha Peace Agreement signed by the Rwandese parties on 4 August 1993. F-35 sensor fusion provides vast amounts of information to accelerate critical decisions and win the fight. SecDef Austin has appointed 14 members to DoDs Defense Advisory Committee for the Prevention of Sexual Misconduct. The United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP) was established on 15 May 1988 to support the implementation of the Geneva Accords between Afghanistan and Pakistan and to investigate and report possible violations of any of the provisions of the Agreements. UNOMIG was terminated as of 15 July 2009. Roughly 900 U.S. troops, including a number of Green Berets, will remain in Syria to continue supporting and advising the Syrian Democratic Forces fighting the Islamic State the same role. By its resolution 2350 (2017) of 13 April 2017, the Security Council extended the mandate of MINUSTAH for a final six month period. 28 December 2021 Peace and Security. Macron admitted that the U.K. is a "strong ally" and that both sides would be better off resolving their disagreements. The United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) was established on 20 May 2002 to provide assistance to East Timor over a period of two years until all operational responsibilities were fully devolved to the East Timor authorities. MACRON FIRES BACK: French President EMMANUEL MACRON cast more doubt regarding the state of relations with the United Kingdom after LIZ TRUSS claimed "the jury is still out" on whether Macron is "friend or foe". That said, no one we spoke to could describe the conditions under which U.S. troops could leave Syria. UKRAINE RECONNECTS NUCLEAR PLANT: Ukraines Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant (ZNPP) is back online, the countrys atomic energy agency said Friday, temporarily ending a crisis that led Kyiv to fear a nuclear meltdown was imminent. On 13December1999, the mandate of UNOMSIL officially ended and was succeeded by the larger mission, the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL). And Its Not Balloons. They just cant hold their own, the Middle East Institutes CHARLES LISTER said. He said agents showed him a photo of himself in his police uniform. Hey Folks, our friends in Turkey and Syria need all the help we can give. The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) was established by the Security Council on 19 March 1978 through the adoption of resolution 425 (1978), to confirm Israels withdrawal from southern Lebanon, restore international peace and security and assist the Government of Lebanon in restoring its effective authority in the area. (Lolita Baldor/AP) Maj. Gen. Eric Hill . To view each mission fact sheet in the big circle with the number 4 on it, click on the circle. After the hostilities of 1974, the Security Council has mandated the Force to perform certain additional functions. For general information on peacekeeping operations, please visit the official Department of Peacekeeping website. 9 March 2022 Human Rights. Our broader commitment to the Afghan people endures, and we will continue to pursue principled diplomacy and other measures to ensure that Afghanistan never again becomes a haven for international terrorists.. 1. The SDF benefits from DoD funding and provision of counterterrorism training and equipment to carry out these vital operations, which serve as the most critical mechanism for sustaining the battlefield gains achieved in the Global Coalitions fight against ISIS in Syria, Lodewick said. MONUSCO has been authorized to use all necessary means to carry out its mandate relating, among other things, to the protection of civilians, humanitarian personnel and human rights defenders under imminent threat of physical violence and to support the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in its stabilization and peace consolidation efforts. Both programs are implemented in close partnership with . The United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM) was established on 20 September 1965, to supervise the ceasefire along the India-Pakistan border except in the States of Jammu and Kashmir, where the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) operated, and the withdrawal of all armed personnel to the positions held by them before 5 August 1965. WELCOME TO THE WEEKEND: Thanks for tuning in to NatSec Daily. . In addition, ONUCA played a part in the voluntary demobilization of the Nicaraguan Resistance and monitored a ceasefire and the separation of forces agreed by the Nicaraguan parties as part of the demobilization process. Im pleased that the Pentagon has released a new plan to seriously tackle this issue and look forward to engaging with the Department on implementation through our new caucus, said Rep. TOM MALINOWSKI (D-N.J.), another co-chair. After 13 years of deployment in Cte dIvoire, UNOCI was terminated on 30 June 2017. Sirwan Kajjo. So, for now, the counter-ISIS/deter Turkey/fill the vacuum/support Iraq mission with about 900 troops will continue. The United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF II) in the Middle East was established in October 1973 to supervise the ceasefire between Egyptian and Israeli forces and, following the conclusion of the agreements of 18 January 1974 and 4 September 1975, to supervise the redeployment of Egyptian and Israeli forces and to man and control the buffer zones established under those agreements. First, he said, soldiers he believed to be Chechen based on their accents beat him on his back, hands, legs, everything except my face. They then forced him and other prisoners to sing Russian hymns as an act of humiliation. UNReliefChief. The United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT) was originally established in 1994 to monitor the ceasefire agreement between the Government of Tajikistan and the United Tajik Opposition. On 18 December 2020, the Security Council unanimously adopted, Mandates and the legal basis for peacekeeping, Mano River Basin, 25 years of peacekeeping, Strategy for the Digital Transformation of UN Peacekeeping, Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, Statements by Under-Secretary-General of Peace Operations, Statements by Under-Secretary-General of Operational Support. It was going back to Iraq. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry: AMISOM - Africa Union (AU) Mission in Somalia; UN-supported, AU-operated peacekeeping mission, BATUS - British Army Training Unit Suffield, Canada, BATUK - British Army Training Unit, Kenya, CSTO - Collective Security Treaty Organization, ECOMIG - ECOWUS Mission in The Gambia; Africa Union-European Union peacekeeping, stabilization, and training mission in Gambia, EUFOR - European Union Force Bosnia and Herzegovina (also known as Operation Althea), EuroCorps - European multi-national corps headquartered in Strasbourg, France, consisting of troops from Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, and Spain; Greece, Italy, Poland, Romania and Turkey are Associated Nations of EuroCorps, G5 Joint Force - G5 Sahel Cross-Border Joint Force comprised of troops from Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger, KFOR - the Kosovo Force; a NATO-led international peacekeeping force in Kosovo, MFO - Multinational Force & Observers Sinai, headquartered in Rome, MINUSCA - United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic, MINUSMA - United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali, MNJTF - Multinational Joint Task Force Against Boko Haram comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria with the mission of fighting Boko Haram in the Lake Chad BasinMONUSCO- United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, NATO - North American Treaty Organization, headquartered in Brussels, Belgium, Operation Barkhane - French-led counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism mission in the Sahel alongside the G5 Joint Force; headquartered in NDjamena, Chad and supported by Canada, Denmark, Estonia, the European Union, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the US, Operation Inherent Resolve - US-led coalition to counter the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria and provide assistance and training to Iraqi security forces, UNAFIL - United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, UNAMID - African Union - United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur, Sudan, UNDOF - United Nations Disengagement Observer Force, Golan (Israel-Syria border), UNFICYP - United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus, UNISFA - United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (Sudan-South Sudan border), UNMISS - United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan, UNSOM - United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia, note: since the 1990s, Australia has deployed more than 30,000 personnel on nearly 100 UN peacekeeping and coalition military operations, including in Cambodia, Rwanda, the Solomon Islands, Somalia, and East Timor, 170 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 300 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 200 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Aug 2022), 1,375 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,625 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO; plus about 190 police); 120 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,100 Mali (MINUSMA; plus about 280 police); 1,600 South Sudan (UNMISS); 180 Sudan (UNISFA) (2022), 125 France (contributing member of EuroCorps); 250 Romania (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Belgium, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 260 (plus about 160 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), approximately 300 Mozambique (Southern African Development Community force) (2023), 650 (plus about 180 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)note: Burkina Faso is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US, 760 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 5,400 Somalia (ATMIS) (2022), 225 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 180 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 290 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), 750 (plus about 350 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022)note: Cameroon has committed approximately 2,000-2,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations occur occasionally, the CAF has nearly 1,400 military personnel forward deployed for NATO air, land, and sea missions in the European theater, including up to 650 troops in Latvia and 140 in Romania (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Canada, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 1,450 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)note 1: Chad has committed approximately 1,000-1,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically; in 2019, Chad sent more than 1,000 troops to Nigerias Borno State to fight Boko Haram as part of the MNJTF missionnote 2: Chad is also part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US, 425 Mali (MINUSMA); 225 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 420 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,050 South Sudan (UNMISS); up to 2,000 Djibouti (May 2022), 130 Kosovo (KFOR/NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, up to 130 Lithuania (NATO); 130 Slovakia (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, approximately 220 Estonia (NATO); approximately 750 Latvia (NATO); approximately 100 Middle East/Iraq (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Denmark, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 1,000 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,075 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), 5-10,000 Somalia (4,500 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,475 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022), since 2003, the EU has launched more than 30 civilian and military crisis-management, advisory, and training missions in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, as well as counter-piracy operations off the coast of Somalia and a naval operation in the Mediterranean to disrupt human smuggling and trafficking networks and prevent the loss of life at sea (2022)note: in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the EU announced that it would develop a rapid deployment force consisting of up to 5,000 troops by 2025, 170 Egypt (MFO); 165 Iraq (UNAMI); 150 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (2022), approximately 300 Central African Republic; 300 Comoros; approximately 900 Cote d'Ivoire; approximately 1,450 Djibouti; 220 Estonia (NATO); approximately 2,000 French Guyana; approximately 900 French Polynesia; approximately 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; approximately 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 600 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 1,400 New Caledonia; approximately 1,700 Reunion Island; approximately 800 Romania (NATO); approximately 350 Senegal; approximately 650 United Arab Emirates; approximately 2,500 West Africa (Chad, Niger; Operation Barkhane, Operation Sabre) (2022)note 1: France has been a contributing member of the EuroCorps since 1992 note 2: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including France, have sent additional troops to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, up to 500 Iraq (NATO); 1,030 Lithuania (NATO); up to 1,400 Mali (MINUSMA/EUTM); 280 Slovakia (NATO) (2022)note 1:in November 2022, Germany pledged to withdraw its troops from Mali by Spring 2024note 2: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Germany, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 140 Mali (MINUSMA); 875 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 725 (plus about 275 police) South Sudan (UNMISS); 650 Sudan (UNISFA) (2022)note: since sending a contingent of troops to the Congo in 1960, the military has been a regular contributor to African- and UN-sponsored peacekeeping missions, approximately 1,000 Cyprus; 100 Kosovo (NATO); 100 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2022), 155 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022), 160 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 150 Iraq (NATO); 470 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2022), 1,900 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 110 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 900 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 2,350 South Sudan (UNMISS); 310 Sudan (UNISFA) (May 2022), 225 (plus about 140 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,025 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 1,225 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022), estimated to have up to 3,000 military personnel in Syria (2022)note: Iran has recruited, trained, and funded thousands of Syrian and foreign fighters to support the ASAD regime during the Syrian civil war, 130 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 320 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022), 120 Djibouti; approximately 700 Bulgaria (NATO); 900 Middle East/Iraq/Kuwait (NATO, European Assistance Mission Iraq); 640 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 250 Latvia (NATO); 875 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 400 Libya; 290 Niger; 250 Romania (NATO); 150 Somalia (EUTM) (2022)note: in response to Russias invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Italy, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 260 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 3,650 Somalia (ATMIS) (2022)note: in November 2022, Kenya sent approximately 900 troops to the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as part of a newly formed East Africa Community Regional Force (EACRF) to assist the DRC military against the rebel group M23; the force is led by Kenya, 250 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 280 South Sudan (UNMISS); 170 United Arab Emirates; note - since 2009, South Korea has kept a naval flotilla with approximately 300 personnel in the waters off of the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (2022), note: contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation, 750 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022), note: until announcing its withdrawal in May of 2022, Mali was part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger; Mali had committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force, 470 (plus about 320 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022)note: Mauritania is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US, 860 South Sudan (UNMISS) (May 2022)note: from 2003 to July 2021, some 3,300 Mongolian troops served in Afghanistan, including about 1,300 under the NATO-led Resolute Support Mission (2015 to 2021); since 2002, Mongolia has deployed more than 19,000 peacekeepers and observers to UN operations in more than a dozen countries, 775 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 925 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022), 790 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,150 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 400 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 870 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 235 Liberia (UNSMIL); 175 Mali (MINUSMA); 1,750 (plus about 220 police) South Sudan (UNMISS) (May 2022), 270 Lithuania (NATO); 125 Slovakia (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including the Netherlands, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, up to 220 Antarctica (summer season only) (2022), 875 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)note 1: Niger is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 (now G4) Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Mauritania; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; as of 2022, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the USnote 2: Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, 200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, up to 190 Lithuania (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Norway, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 1,300 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,970 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 220 Mali (MINUSMA); 290 South Sudan (UNMISS); 220 Sudan (UNISFA) (May 2022), 215 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022), 250 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 180 Latvia (NATO); 190 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 230 Romania (NATO) (2022)note 1: Poland contributes about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operationnote 2: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Poland, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); up to 150 Lithuania (NATO); approximately 170 Romania (2022)note 1: in 2021, Portugal deployed about 80 troops to Mozambique to assist with the EU training missionnote 2: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Portugal, have sent additional troops to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europenote 3: Portugal also participates in several NATO maritime and air policing operations, as well as some EU international missions, information varies; approximately 3,000 Armenia; approximately 2,000 Armenia/Azerbaijan (peacekeepers for Nagorno-Karabakh); estimated 3,000-5,000 Belarus; approximately 7,000-10,000 Georgia; approximately 500 Kyrgyzstan; approximately 1,500 Moldova (Transnistria); estimated 2,000-5,000 Syria; approximately 5,000 Tajikistan (2022)note 1: in February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine with an estimated 150,000 troops; prior to the invasion, it maintained an estimated 30,000 troops in areas of Ukraine occupied since 2014note 2: prior to the invasion of Ukraine, Russia was assessed to have about 3,000-5,000 private military contractors conducting military and security operations in Africa and the Middle East, including in the Central African Republic, Libya, Mali, Sudan, and Syria, 2,450 (plus about 500 police) Central African Republic (approximately 1,700 for MINUSCA; an additional 750 troops sent separately under a bilateral agreement with CAR in August, 2021); up to 2,000 Mozambique (deployed mid-2021 under a bi-lateral agreement to assist with combating insurgency; includes both military and police forces); 2,600 (plus about 400 police) South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022), estimated 2,500-5,000 Yemen (varies depending on operations) (2022), 750 Gambia (ECOMIG); 970 Mali (MINUSMA); note - Senegal also has about 1,100 police deployed on various UN peacekeeping missions (2022), maintains permanent training detachments of military personnel in Australia, France, and the US (2022), 240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Slovakia, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 200 Kosovo (NATO); 100 Slovakia (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Slovenia, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 1,150 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); up to 1,500 Mozambique (part of a Southern African Development Community force to help quell an insurgency) (2022), approximately 200 Iraq (NATO/EU training assistance); up to 600 Latvia (NATO); 650 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 200 Romania (NATO); approximately 500 Mali (EUTM); 150 Turkey (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Spain, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 110 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 240 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), approximately 750 Democratic Republic of the Congo (East African Community stabilization force)Sudan joined the Saudi-led coalition that intervened in Yemen in 2015, reportedly providing as many as 40,000 troops during the peak of the war in 2016-17, mostly from the Rapid Support Forces; by 2021, Sudan had reduced the size of the force to about a brigade (approximately 2-3,000 troops) (2022), 450 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 850 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022), 730 (plus about 300 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), 325 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 100 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), approximately 150 (Azerbaijan; monitoring cease-fire, clearing mines); 250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR); approximately 30,000 Cyprus; estimated 5,000 Iraq; 300 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 110 Lebanon (UNIFIL); estimated 500 Libya; up to 5,000 Qatar; approximately 200 Somalia (training mission); estimated 5,000-10,000 Syria (2022)note 1: between 2016 and 2020, Turkey conducted four significant military ground campaigns in northern Syria; Turkey also has deployed troops into northern Iraq on numerous occasions to combat the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), including large operations involving thousands of troops in 2007, 2011, and 2018, and smaller-scale operations in 2021 and 2022; Turkey has also conducted numerous air strikes in both Iraq and Syria; in October of 2021, Turkeys parliament extended the militarys mandate to launch cross-border operations in Iraq and Syria by two more yearsnote 2: in 2020, Turkey deployed hundreds of Turkish troops and as many as 5,000 Syrian fighters to Libya to support the Libyan Government of National Accord, 6,800 Somalia (6,200 ATMIS; 625 UNSOM); 250 Equatorial Guinea (training mission) (2022)note: in December 2022, Uganda sent approximately 1,000 troops to the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as part of a newly formed East Africa Community Regional Force (EACRF) to assist the DRC military against the rebel group M23, note: prior to the Russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine contributed about 500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation, estimates vary; reportedly a few hundred remain in Yemen; has maintained some troops at military bases in Eritrea and Somalia (Somaliland) (2022), approximately 1,000 Brunei; approximately 400 Canada (BATUS); approximately 2,500 Cyprus (250 for UNFICYP); approximately 1,000 Estonia (NATO); approximately 1,200 Falkland Islands; approximately 200 Germany; 570 Gibraltar; approximately 1,400 Middle East (including Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); approximately 350 Mali (MINUSMA); 150 Poland (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including the UK, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 5,000 Africa (mostly in Djibouti, with approximately 700-1,000 in other countries of East Africa and about 700 in West Africa); 1,700 Australia; 250 Diego Garcia; 150 Canada; 650 Cuba (Guantanamo Bay); 290 Egypt (MFO); approximately 100,000 Europe (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, UK); 150 Greenland; 6,200 Guam; 370 Honduras; 56,000 Japan; approximately 15,000 Middle East (Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates); 125 Philippines; 28,000 South Korea; 200 Singapore; 100 Thailand (2022)note: US military rotational policies affect deployment numbers; the US deploys ground and air units to select countries for 6-12 month rotational assignments on a continuous basis; in South Korea, for example, the US continuously rotates combat brigades (approximately 3,000 personnel) for 9 months at a time; contingencies also affect US troop deployments; in 2019-2020, the US deployed more than 15,000 additional military personnel to the Middle East for an extended period of time and in 2022, it sent more than 30,000 reinforcements to Europe in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine; in addition, some overseas US naval bases, such as the headquarters of US Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT) in Manama, Bahrain, are frequented by the crews of US ships on 6-9 month deployments; a US carrier strike group with an air wing and supporting ships typically includes over 6,000 personnel, 830 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 210 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (May 2022), there are about 75,000 uniformed UN peacekeepers deployed worldwide (2022), 930 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022), Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). 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