In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. Other European islands are much smaller. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. Europes largest islands and archipelagoes include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the British Isles, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Crete, and Cyprus. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. Today, this is the German-speaking region of the country.Around this same time, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland. The Sami culture of Scandinavia, for example, was deeply connected to the indigenous reindeer herds of the Arctic. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. Wcz obsug JavaScript. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. The northern lowlands are areas of glacial deposition, and, accordingly, their surface is diversified by such features as the Valdai Hills of western Russia; by deposits of boulder clay, sands, and gravels; by glacial lakes; and by the Pripet Marshes, a large ill-drained area of Belarus and Ukraine. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The well-watered plateaus give rise to many rivers and are well adapted to pastoral farming. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. Greeces many earthquakes, and the tsunamis they caused, were connected to the sea god Poseidon, known as the Earth Shaker. Cults and temples centered on Poseidon were built throughout the Aegean and Mediterranean seas as a means of appeasing the god.As maritime trade and exploration developed in the region, winds and currents connected to Poseidon became important in Greek mythology. The most common way to show this is using topographical maps. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. Lets take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. A fjord is a long and narrow inlet of the sea that is surrounded by high, rugged cliffs. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. Flourishing immigrant communities are bringing in new languages to the continent, including Arabic, Hindi, and Mandarin.A 2006 European study showed that 53 percent of respondents could speak a second language, while 28 percent could speak two foreign languages. China says a ban on the use of TikTok by official European Union institutions will harm business confidence in Europe, With more lunar missions than ever on the horizon, the European Space Agency wants to give the moon its own time zone, The death toll has risen to at least 63 in the migrant tragedy off Italys southern coast after rescue crews recovered several more bodies, Shares have opened lower in Europe after a mixed session in Asia following a reprieve on Wall Street from recent selling pressure driven by worries over inflation and interest rates, Spain is building on its reputation in renewable energy to position itself as Europes future leader in green hydrogen. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. The Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. The two largest peninsulas are mainland Europe and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. Mount Olympus is Greece's highest mountain at 9,570 feet (2,917 meters) above sea level. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. 5. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. Table of contents: The Tallest Mountain in Europe The Largest Lake in Europe The Longest River in Europe The Highest Waterfall in Europe The Longest Beach in Europe The Deepest Cave in Europe The Tallest Volcano in Europe Biggest Glacier in Europe It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in the Czech Republic. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. Omissions? The Kimmel Falls are in Hohe Tauen National Park and are one of Austrias most visited tourist attractions. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Slavic-based civilization dominates much of the territory occupied by the former Soviet Union from the Baltic and Black seas to the Pacific Ocean. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. The gods could both reward and punish travelers and traders with favorable or unfavorable sea conditions. Europe is the second-smallest continent. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. Europe is home to the birthplace of democracy and Western culture in the ancient civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. Ireland: geography and landscape. La Boule measures 7.5 miles and is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the French elite have holiday homes. Przemek. 4. The proportion of people older than 65 will grow from 16 percent to 28 percent. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. Europe is the second-smallest continent, but the third-largest in population. From there it flows to the Caspian Sea. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Germany's location at the heart of Europe has shaped its history both for good and bad. The European Union has established the Schengen Areaa zone where Europeans can travel from country to country without having to show their passports. Many of the most socially and economically powerful elements of these societies will be led by immigrants.Developing countries, such as those in eastern and southern Europe, are expected to bear the worst of the depopulation trend. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. To contact our editors please use our contact form. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. [citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. You can actually get very close to the falls and safely, thanks to a well maintained hiking trail. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. January average range from 13C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the northeastern part of European Russia. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). The name Europe may also come from combining the Greek roots eur- (wide) and -op (seeing) to form the phrase wide-gazing.Europe is often described as a peninsula of peninsulas. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. Fr die fehlerfreie Verwendung der CORDIS-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein. All rights reserved. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. Europe's northernmost point is the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and it reaches as far south as the islands of Greece and Malta.Europe is sometimes described as a peninsula of peninsulas. All of the events must come together under a common theme or themes. These nations do not feel an obligation to accept illegal immigrants, seeing them as both a threat and a burden.Supporters of the crackdown want to stop illegal immigration. Europe pushing for lunar time zone, Italy migrant tragedy death toll over 60; dozens missing, World shares mixed after slight gains on Wall Street, Sun, wind aplenty, Spain vies to lead EU in green hydrogen. Germany's largest wooded area,. The volcanoes of Lemnos, an island in the Mediterranean, and Mount Etna, on the island of Sicily, were believed to be the forges of Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire. You cannot download interactives. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. The nation of Germany was divided in two. These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. Holland is a nation of cyclists. These revolutions eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the falling of the Berlin Wall in 1989.Contemporary IssuesEurope is now broadly defined in the context of the European Union (EU), an economic and political body officially created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory of the Alps. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. [further explanation needed], The longest rivers in Europe, directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins, with their approximate lengths:[4][5]. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. The population within the standard physical geographical boundaries was 701 million in 2005 according to the United Nations. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. Iceland, having area of 103 000 km, is larger than Ireland (84 406 km). More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. In the Alps, Mont Blanc rises to a height of 15,771 feet (4,807 metres), which is the highest point on the continent. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. Encyclopedic entry. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are: Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC): The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. Europe is home to two countries that are completely landlocked by Italy. It's a multi-lingual continent. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. The relationship between the United States, with a free-market economy, and the Soviet Union, with a communist economy, was known as the Cold War.The Iron Curtain represents Europes political geography during the Cold War. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. San Marino and Vatican City, two fully sovereign nations, are both completely surrounded by Italy. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. It has been somewhat problematical to pin down the biggest glacier in Europe because biggest is open to interpretation of length, depth and width, plus they can change quite dramatically in a short space of time. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Today, this cultural wealth is used to solidify the European Community and is exported to the rest of the world as one of the continents greatest global assets.Historic CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the varied geography of Europe. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with inland penetration by means of navigable rivers. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. Still another scheme with many adherents locates the continental boundary along the Aras River and the Turkish border, thereby putting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in Europe. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. By supporting this policy, the European Union hopes it will strengthen social, educational, professional, and economic ties in Europe and make the continent more competitive in global markets.Europes cultural products also help unify the region. Por favor, active JavaScript. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. Trees also grow in that southernmost region, including the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), cypress, and cork oak (Quercus suber). 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. When it . They serve as traditional labels of geographic location. The temperature difference between summer and winter gradually increases from coastal northwest Europe to southeast inland Europe, ranging from Ireland, with a temperature difference of only 10C from the warmest to the coldest month, to the area north of the Caspian Sea, with a temperature difference of 40C. As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, all 27 member states of the European Union agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2020 (from 1990 levels).The EU also notified the UN of a conditional offer to increase this cut to 30 percent, provided that other major emitters agree to take on their fair share of a global reduction effort. This conditional offer illustrates the tension that was present at the conference between developed countries high carbon emissions and developing countries low or rising carbon use. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. The cold water surrounding northern Britain and Scandinavia is home to unique species of cold-water corals. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. Check out this amazing list of Austria facts that include history, food, culture, and more. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. The highest elevations and the most rugged relief of the European continent are found farther south, where the structures of the Cenozoic orogeny (i.e., from the past 66 million years) provide mountain scenery. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. This idea of citizenshipof being connected to and having a voice in your communitybecame the basic building block of democracy. Si prega di abilitare JavaScript. Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. , Elbe, Oder, and Vistula land in those areas, however, 5 facts about europe's topography larger than (... Strategically important mountain territory of the giant `` supercontinent '' of Eurasia densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial.! Your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher the Rights Holder for media is westernmost! 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