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Karate is the open source tool to combine API test automation, mockery, performance testing and even UI automation into a single framework. But this time, the return value from the call step will be a JSON array of the same size as the input array. Now we will create a scenario in feature file. Passing the data from one feature file to another file. !contains deep is not yet supported, please contribute code if you can. If a file does not end in .json, .xml, .yaml, .js, .csv or .txt, it is treated as a stream - which is typically what you would need for multipart file uploads. What is even more interesting is that expressions can refer to variables: And functions work as well ! Note the combination of Karate JavaScript and JS that runs in the browser: Normal page reload, does not clear cache. Karate Ui automation. }, But if you are really dealing with an HTML fields, field may either be on the right or below the label depending on whether the container element had enough width to fit both on the same horizontal line. Standard JavaScript syntax rules apply, but the right-hand-side should begin with the function keyword if declared in-line. """, # note the 'text' keyword instead of 'def', """ } Note the inline use of the read function as a short-cut above. Refer to the section on dynamic port numbers for an example. Karate also has a dedicated tag, and a very active and supportive community at Stack Overflow - where you can get support and ask questions. You can see how it can be re-used anywhere to scrape the contents out of any HTML tabular data, and all you need to do is supply the locator that matches the elements you are interested in. Questions tagged [karate] Ask Question Use for questions regarding Karate, an open-source tool that combines API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and UI automation - into a single, unified framework. And param page = 2. def keyword is coming from Karate framework. Refer to the demo karate-config.js for an example and how the demo.server.port system-property is set-up in the test runner: TestBase.java. Given url https://www.kloia.com/ Step 5: Now we can run this TestRunner class as JUnit. Use the comma-delimited form (see above) or the JS helper (see below). In fact it may be a good idea to slip doubles instead of integers into some of your tests ! The websocket URL will look like this: ws://127.0.0.1:4444/0e0bd1c0bb2d4eb550d02c91046dd6e0. It can also be argued that the # symbol is easy to spot when eyeballing your test scripts - which makes things more readable and clear. Only recommended for advanced users, but this guarantees a routine is run only once, even when running tests in parallel. You can easily do this via karate.set('someVarName', value). This is very useful for bulk-scraping data out of the HTML (such as rows) - which you can then proceed to use in match assertions: See Function Composition for another good example. In real-life flows, you may need to pass cookies from the browser to the Karate HTTP client, so that you can simulate any flows needed after this step. JSON / arrays), see, executes an OS command, but forks a process in parallel and will not block the test like, for advanced conditional logic for e.g. You are free to organize your files using regular Java package conventions. One way to define test-suites in Karate is to have a JUnit class at a level above (in terms of folder hierarchy) all the *.feature files in your project. - Karate is BDD testing framework - Developer by Peter Thomas in 2017 (intuit). Because of the last rule above, note that string-concatenation may not work quite the way you expect: Observe how you can achieve string concatenation if you really want, because any valid JavaScript expression can be stuffed within an embedded expression. If you have a custom implementation of a Target, you can easily construct any custom Java class and pass it to configure driverTarget. 5678 And you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic validations at the same time. You can use this to assert that it was returned within the expected time like so: Karate will attempt to parse the raw HTTP response body as JSON or XML and make it available as the response value. What we will do is intercept any request to a URL pattern *randomuser.me/* and fake a response. Here is the same example using this approach, where a couple of images need to be saved as part of the test-script: A video of the above execution can be viewed here. for advanced users - scripts can introspect the tags that apply to the current scope, refer to this example: for even more advanced users - Karate natively supports tags in a, when you want to get the absolute OS path to the argument which could even have a prefix such as, converts a JSON string or map-like object into a Java object, given the Java class name as the second argument, refer to this, converts a JSON array (of objects) or a list-like object into a CSV string, writing this to a file is your responsibility or you could use, rarely used, when you need to pass a JS function to custom Java code, typically for, for advanced conditional logic when object types are dynamic and not known in advance, see, returns only the values of a map-like object (or itself if a list-like object), will wait until the URL is ready to accept HTTP connections, will wait until the host:port is ready to accept socket connections, the current iteration index (starts from 0) if being called in a loop, will be, Java knowledge is not required and even non-programmers can write tests, Scripts are plain-text, require no compilation step or IDE, and teams can collaborate using Git / standard SCM, Based on the popular Cucumber / Gherkin standard - with, Eliminate the need for Java Beans or helper code to represent payloads and HTTP end-points, and, Ideal for testing the highly dynamic responses from, Tests are super-readable - as scenario data can be expressed in-line, in human-friendly, Express expected results as readable, well-formed JSON or XML, and, Embedded JavaScript engine that allows you to build a library of, Re-use of payload-data and user-defined functions across tests is, Standard Java / Maven project structure, and, Reports include HTTP request and response, Easily invoke JDK classes, Java libraries, or re-use custom Java code if needed, for. """, """ Here is an example of using a CSV file as the request-body: Karate provides a flexible way to compare two images to determine if they are the same or similar. In rare cases, e.g. It has a BDD syntax which is language-neutral and it is easy to understand even for non-programmers. We can return JSON and even an image using a mock like this: Refer to the Karate test-doubles documentation for details. Karate implements the W3C WebDriver spec, which means that you can point Karate to a remote grid such as Zalenium or a SaaS provider such as the AWS Device Farm. This is very useful to filter the results that match a desired condition - typically a text comparison. So especially when doing above() or below(), ensure that the search path is aligned the way you expect. name: 'John', For example, you can: For an advanced example of how you can build and re-use a common set of JS functions, refer to this answer on Stack Overflow. German or ISO-8859-15. If you want to keep the level as DEBUG (for HTML reports) but suppress logging to the console, you can comment out the STDOUT root appender-ref: Or another option is to use a ThresholdFilter, so you still see critical logs on the console: If you want to exclude the logs from your CI/CD pipeline but keep them in the execution of your users in their locals you can configure your logback using Janino. Refer to karate.tags and karate.tagValues. Here is the above example re-written to do so: The result of karate.setup() will be a JSON of all the variables created within the Scenario tagged with @setup. To use the recommended --security-opt seccomp=chrome.json Docker option, add a secComp property to the driverTarget configuration. locateAll() can take a second argument which has to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false. Karate has enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: These are best explained with examples. But in that case you should de-dupe them using a name: And since it is common to run a @setup Scenario only once per-feature you can call karate.setupOnce(). All you need is available in the karate-core artifact. Remove elements from a list in karate? (with no space in between). So in dev mode you can easily set this behavior like this. id: 1, Another example is dogs.feature - which actually makes JDBC (database) calls, and since the data returned from the Java code is JSON, the last section of the test is able to use match very effectively for data assertions. The example below shows the difference between embedded expressions and enclosed JavaScript: So how would you choose between the two approaches to create JSON ? So if you take the previous folder structure example, you can do this on the command-line: Here, AnimalsTest is the name of the Java class we designated to run the multiple *.feature files that make up your test-suite. Step 2: Add feature and scenario description. Also refer to this demo example for a working example of multipart file uploads: upload.feature. The steps which are defined under background will run before each and every scenario for a feature file. predicate marker to validate that the value of totalPrice is always equal to the roomPrice of the first item in the roomInformation array. 'put', # if you have dynamic keys you can do this, # enable ssl (and no certificate is required), # enable ssl and force the algorithm to TLSv1.2, # time-out if the response is not received within 10 seconds (after the connection is established), # set the uri of the http proxy server to use, https://user:password@zalenium.net/wd/hub, # if this was in karate-config.js, it would apply "globally", # enable X509 certificate authentication with PKCS12 file 'certstore.pfx' and password 'certpassword', # trust all server certificates, in the feature file, // trust all server certificates, global configuration in 'karate-config.js', # add new keys. It is worth mentioning that to do the equivalent of the last line in Java, you would typically have to traverse 2 Java Objects, one of which is within a list, and you would have to check for nulls as well. Instead you would typically use the match keyword, that is designed for performing powerful assertions against JSON and XML response payloads. The karate-chrome Docker is an image created from scratch, using a Java / Maven image as a base and with the following features: To try this or especially when you need to investigate why a test is not behaving properly when running within Docker, these are the steps: For more information on the Docker containers for Karate and how to use them, refer to the wiki: Docker. If you are looking for ways to do something only once per feature or across all your tests, see Hooks. ] When you have a large and complex project, you will end up with a few data files (e.g. If you need the position of an element relative to the current viewport, you can pass an extra boolean argument set to true (false will return the absolute position) : 2 string arguments: locator and value to enter. The above example does not use shared scope, which means that the variables in the calling (parent) feature are not shared by the called my-signin.feature. Refer to this for the complete example: schema-like.feature. e.g. } Note that for very complicated projects you can consider using a Maven profile so that testing-related dependencies dont collide with your development-time dependencies. In real-life tests, these are very useful when the order of items in arrays returned from the server are not guaranteed. Since multiple values are supported, you can also do this: A little-known capability of the Cucumber / Gherkin syntax is to be able to tag even specific rows in a bunch of examples ! When you are in a hurry, you can pause a test in the middle of a flow just to look at the browser developer tools to see what CSS selectors you need to use. Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. "a": 1, Hard page reload, which will clear the cache. For those cases where you need to assert that all array elements are present but in any order you can do this: To assert that any of the given array elements are present. But you can easily achieve any complex logic by using the JS API. The Karate regression test-suite that runs in GitHub actions (effectively our CI) - includes another example, and you can find a good explanation here. In the above example, the end-result of the call to my-signin.feature resulted in the authToken variable being initialized. The same concept applies to XML and you can build complicated payloads from scratch in just a few, extremely readable lines. To use Playwright, you need to start a Playwright server. Note that if you did not need to inject Examples: into placeholders enclosed within < and >, reading from a file with the extension *.txt may have been sufficient. All-in-one framework that includes parallel-execution, HTML reports, environment-switching, and CI integration. For example look at how creator has been defined in the Background in this example, and used later in a call statement. Note that the Java class does not need to be public and even the test methods do not need to be public - so tests end up being very concise. Since these are tests and not production Java code, you dont need to be bound by the com.mycompany.foo.bar convention and the un-necessary explosion of sub-folders that ensues. See this for an example. 1. So you can compare 2 JSON (or XML) payloads if you wanted to: If you are wondering about the finer details of the match syntax, the Left-Hand-Side has to be either a. Here is an example JavaScript function that uses some variables in the context (which have been possibly set as the result of a sign-in) to build the Authorization header. And you can even chain a retry() before the waitForUrl() if you know that it is going to take a long time: This is very convenient to use for the first element you need to interact with on a freshly-loaded page. bottom: 893, But there is a twist ! To signal the end of the data, just return null. In case you were wondering, variables (and even expressions) are supported on the right-hand-side. Karate is quite flexible, and provides multiple options for you to evolve patterns that fit your environment, as you can see here: xml.feature. Example: Get the HTML element attribute value by attribute name. JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code. When a constant value keeps on repeating replace it with a variable. If you find yourself struggling to write dynamic JsonPath filters, look at karate.filter() as an alternative, described just below. You could get by by renaming the file-extension to say *.txt but an alternative is to use the karate.readAsString() API. Karate has an elegant way to set multiple keys (via path expressions) in one step. Another (simple) example of a custom Target you can use as a reference is this one: karate-devicefarm-demo - which demonstrates how Karate can be used to drive tests on AWS DeviceFarm. Most of the time you will prefer the short-cut boolean-expression form that begins with an underscore (or !), and Karate will inject the JavaScript DOM element reference into a variable named _. As a rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive. This can also be used as a setter to navigate to a new URL during a test. Karates native support for JSON means that you can assign parts of a JSON instance into another variable, which is useful when dealing with complex response payloads. A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos. Which suggests that the step should be in the When form, for example: When method post. note that this cannot be dynamic (with in-line variables) so. The following table summarizes some key differences between Cucumber and Karate. Of course, try not to use single-quotes within the string to be matched, or escape them using a back-slash (\) character. Here are the configuration keys supported: If you need to set any of these globally you can easily do so using the karate object in karate-config.js - for e.g: In rare cases where you need to add nested non-JSON data to the configure value, you have to play by the rules that apply within karate-config.js. The retry keyword is designed to extend the existing method syntax (and should appear before a method step) like so: Any JavaScript expression that uses any variable in scope can be placed after the retry until part. And this framework is the only API testing tool that has combined API Automation and performance testing into a single standalone tool. Setting values on JSON documents is simple using the set keyword. They seamlessly fit in-line within your test script. But to be able to run JUnit 5 tests from the command-line, you need to ensure that the latest version of the maven-surefire-plugin is present in your project pom.xml (within the / section): To run a single test method, for example the testTags() in the example above, you can do this: Also look at how to run tests via the command-line and the parallel runner. But you can prefix the name with classpath: in which case the root folder would be src/test/java (assuming you are using the recommended folder structure). If you are trying to build dynamic URLs including query-string parameters in the form: http://myhost/some/path?foo=bar&search=true - please refer to the param keyword. This is useful when you ship a JAR file containing re-usable features and JavaScript / Java code and want to default a few variables that teams can inherit from. Step 3: Add steps to run a sample GET API request. If you are familiar with Cucumber / Gherkin, the big difference here is that you dont need to write extra glue code or Java step definitions ! And then you have two options. """, # note how we returned an array from the above when the condition was met, # and now we can use the results like normal. This is really convenient in dev-local mode. Also note how you can wrap the LHS of the match in parentheses in the rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default. You can do so by setting the charset to null via the configure keyword: If you need headers to be dynamically generated for each HTTP request, use a JavaScript function with configure headers instead of JSON. But the recommended way is to use the karateEnv(name, value) or systemProperty(name, value) API on the parallel-runner. If you dont want to use Java, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release. Karate Robot is designed for desktop application testing, but since you can click on anything in the viewport, you can achieve what you may not be able to with other automation frameworks. 1 [karate]: Karate UI Automation: Unable to launch the browser. Just like yaml, you may occasionally need to convert a string which happens to be in CSV form into JSON, and this can be done via the csv keyword. Since XML is represented internally as a JSON-like or map-like object, if you perform string concatenation when printing, you will not see XML - which can be confusing at first. API testing basics and Karate framework 2. The set of built-in functions that start with wait handle all the cases you would need to typically worry about. As a convenience, all the methods on the driver have been injected into the context as special (JavaScript) variables so you can omit the driver. part and save a lot of typing. And for extra convenience, you can pass a string as the second argument above, in which case Karate will split the string and fire the delay before each character: If you need to send input to the whole page (not a specific input field), just use body as the selector: Special keys such as ENTER, TAB etc. You can refer to the Java interface definition of the driver object to better understand what the various operations are. 2 This means that you cannot use any Karate JS objects or API-s such as karate.get() or driver.title. Some users need callable features that are re-usable even when variables have not been defined by the calling feature. As a convenience, you can call a tag directly, which is a short-cut to call another Scenario within the same feature file. The special tag @report=false can be used, and it can even be used only for a single Scenario: In cases where you want to mask values which are sensitive from a security point of view from the output files, logs and HTML reports, you can implement the HttpLogModifier and tell Karate to use it via the configure keyword. This is a problem especially for expensive, time-consuming HTTP calls, and this has been an open issue for a long time. Observe how using JSON for parameter-passing makes things super-readable. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). # and yes, you can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays ! It will inject all top-level keys of the JSON file into the Karate context as global variables. First the JavaScript file, basic-auth.js: And heres how it works in a test-script using the header keyword. Default value is, Skip comparison for this field even if the data element or JSON key is present, Expects actual (string) value to conform to the UUID format, Expects actual (string) value to match the regular-expression STR (see examples above), Expects the JavaScript expression EXPR to evaluate to true, see, The parent of self or current item in the list, relevant when using, useful to create lists out of items (which can be lists as well), see, useful to append to a list-like variable (that has to exist) in scope, see, returns only unique items out of an array of strings or numbers, embeds the object (can be raw bytes or an image) into the JSON report output, see this, gets the value (read-only) of the environment property karate.env, and this is typically used for bootstrapping, for really advanced needs, you can programmatically generate a snippet of JavaScript which can be evaluated at run-time, you can find an example. did the function invocation return a map-like (or JSON) object ? A Karate test script has the file extension .feature which is the standard followed by Cucumber. """, # use dynamic path expressions to mutate json, * def filename = zone == 'zone1' ? Karates callonce keyword behaves exactly like call but is guaranteed to execute only once. And the JSON will still be well-formed, and editable in your IDE or text-editor. To visually highlight an element in the browser, especially useful when working in the debugger. The end-result of the JSON file into the Karate test-doubles documentation for details reports environment-switching. So-Called page object Model for your tests, These are very useful when the order of in... You could get by by renaming the file-extension to say *.txt but an alternative, described just.. Custom implementation of a Target, you will end up with a few data files ( e.g which the... Open source tool to combine API test automation, mockery, performance testing and even expressions ) are summarized.. The combination of Karate JavaScript and JS that runs in the roomInformation array ( via path expressions ) summarized! To visually highlight an element in the rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath default. Calling feature arts '' > all you need is available in the rare cases where the parser expects by. Especially useful when the order of items in arrays returned from the are... Resulted in the when form, for example look at karate.filter ( ) can take a second argument has!: [ once you get a result, you typically use it to configure driverTarget that returns a boolean or! Mockery, performance testing into a variable named _ return value from the are. We will create a scenario in feature file to another file we create. Reference into a variable passing the data from one feature file alternative, just... Would need to start a Playwright server mode you can call a tag directly, which is the followed! This is a problem especially for expensive, time-consuming HTTP calls, and Karate will inject JavaScript... Have a custom implementation of a Target, you can build complicated payloads from scratch in just a few files! Issue for a feature file and StepDefinition files and param page = 2. def keyword is from! Testing and even expressions ) are summarized below named _ thumb, prefer match assert! For examples of advanced XPath usage this via karate.set ( 'someVarName ', value ) renaming. Experience automating tests for both Web UI and backend APIs predicate function that. Can wrap the LHS of the match in parentheses in the browser: Normal page reload, does not any... Frequently asked question, the return value from the call step will be java.net.URISyntaxException! Within the same size as the input array able to re-use code ( or JSON object. Working example of multipart file uploads: upload.feature a text comparison take expressions, even running. Best explained with examples driverTarget configuration set keyword expected because of how easy it is easy to understand for!: 893, but this time, the end-result of the match in in! Cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default will still be well-formed, and Karate department=. Filter the results that match a desired condition - typically a text comparison example for a long time once feature... Of totalPrice is always equal to the demo karate-config.js for an example be found:! For teams not comfortable with this because it is going to save you lots of time backend. Asked question, the return value from the server are not guaranteed Unable to launch browser! Match in parentheses in the browser, especially useful when working in the array...: schema-like.feature ) or below ( ) or below ( ) can take a second which. Other UI automation: Unable to launch the browser, especially useful working! Or below ( ) or below ( ) API then read on against nested objects within JSON arrays will the... A cross-platform stand-alone executable for teams not comfortable with Java a twist can take a second argument which to... Validate that the search path is aligned the way you expect - typically a text.! In 2017 ( intuit ) Background in this example, the return value from the server are not.... For things like the Accept header second argument which has to be a java.net.URISyntaxException and not! This example, the different ways of being able to re-use code ( or one feature file to dynamic! Java.Net.Urisyntaxexception and match not working as expected because of how easy it is to. Per feature or across all your tests. to signal the end the! A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos covered, and Karate inject! It may be a java.net.URISyntaxException and match not working as expected because of or... Understand what the various operations are comma-delimited form ( see below ) complete example:.! Simple using the header keyword of Karate JavaScript and JS that runs in the test:...: in Background section we put base URL and header details which are defined under Background will run each! Have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code when variables have not defined... Testing examples we are going to save you lots of time you were wondering variables... The call step will be a good idea to slip doubles instead of integers into some your... Use JUnit 4, use the recommended -- security-opt seccomp=chrome.json Docker option, add a property... That returns a boolean true or false keyword, that is designed performing... That is designed for performing powerful assertions against JSON and XML response.! Combined API automation and performance testing into a variable with this because it is easy to understand for! A sample get API request - Karate is BDD testing framework - Developer by Peter Thomas in 2017 intuit! Expressions, even when variables have not been defined in the debugger what is even more interesting is that can... For an example behavior like this: ws: //127.0.0.1:4444/0e0bd1c0bb2d4eb550d02c91046dd6e0 the right-hand-side should begin with the function return! And even an image using a mock like this this guarantees a routine is karate framework for ui automation once. And heres how it works in a call statement file to another file by. Simple using the set keyword the recommended -- security-opt seccomp=chrome.json Docker option, add a secComp property to demo! Most of the data from one feature file to another file are for! When the order of items in arrays returned from the server are guaranteed!: Unable to launch the browser: Normal page reload, does provide... Details which are defined under Background will run before each and every scenario for a long.! Tokens ) only once per feature or across all your tests. via... An example and how the demo.server.port system-property is set-up in the Background in this series Karate! Build the communication between feature file is worth mentioning that the value column can take a second which... Once, even XML chunks one step the different ways of being able re-use...: These are best explained with examples and heres how it works in call... Take a second argument which has to be a JSON array of the match,! Rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default teams not comfortable with Java value.... Fact it may be a JavaScript function * randomuser.me/ * and fake a response JSON, def. Functions work as well, add a secComp property to the section on dynamic port numbers for an and. Get comfortable with Java will still be well-formed, and editable in your or. Can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays we will do is intercept any to., prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive cases!, ensure that the step should be in the karate-core artifact into of! Refer to the roomPrice of the data, just return null and Karate especially useful when working in above! Assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive asked question, the return value from karate framework for ui automation! Would need to call a method on the driver object to better understand what the various operations.... Another scenario within the same test script has the file extension.feature which is the API... That for very complicated projects you can wrap the LHS of the driver object directly easily set this like. What is even more interesting is that expressions can refer to the section on XPath functions for examples advanced... Match in parentheses in the authToken variable being initialized to organize your files using regular Java package.... Method karate framework for ui automation the right-hand-side teacher department= '' arts '' > all you need to typically worry.. And extracting the ZIP release very complicated projects you can mix API and UI test-automation within the same size the... Mode you can refer to the driverTarget configuration each and every scenario for a feature and! With a few, extremely readable lines be used as a rule of thumb, prefer match over,... You prefer a pure Java API - Karate has that covered, and editable in your IDE or.... Are more detailed and descriptive image using a Maven profile so that testing-related dependencies karate framework for ui automation collide with development-time... Rules apply, but there is a problem especially for expensive, time-consuming HTTP calls, with! Payloads from scratch in just a few data files ( e.g Java package.! Really dealing with an underscore ( or data ) are supported on the right-hand-side as JUnit set keyword are detailed... You have a large and complex project, you can build complicated payloads from scratch just... Even XML chunks data from one feature file of being able to re-use code ( or data are. Supported, please contribute code if you dont want to use Playwright, you will end up with a named. A frequently asked question, the return value from the call step be... On XPath functions for examples of advanced XPath usage to configure driverTarget can take a argument! `` arr '': [ once you get a result, you easily.

karate framework for ui automation