The percentage of Economic assets in Pakistan after Partition. Muhammad Ali Jinnah espoused the Two Nation Theory and led the League to adopt the Lahore Resolution[7] of 1940, demanding the formation of independent states in the East and the West of British India. INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED AFTER THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN INTRODUCTION: Pakistan came into existence on 14th august 1947. They promised to give Pakistan Rs. All 16 Ordinance factories were in India, and it refused to hand over any. Radcliffe had four assistants, two nominated by the Muslim League and two by Indian National Congress. Diogenes Laertius. While it was possible to train some men up from ordinary soldiers, Jinnah was forced to take 500 British officers temporarily. Both India and Pakistan were agreed to accept the decision of Redcliff incase of deadlock. 1. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Ferozepur had a Muslim majority and the Pakistanis had evidence to suggest that Radcliffe had originally awarded it to Pakistan but had been forced by Lord Mountbatten to change his mind. Copyright 2023. When the boundary Awards was announced in August 1947 things even worse. Workshops must be arranged for teachers. So began what happens was the largest migration ever witnessed in the history of mankind and also some of the worst scenes of communal violence. The Maharaja, fearing tribal warfare, eventually gave way to the Indian pressure and agreed to join India by, as India claims, signing the controversial Instrument of Accession on 26 October 1947., The partition of India in August 1947 was a highly controversial event and has led to widespread speculation regarding its causes and consequences. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. But reports coming from other places made the minorities fearful. This was not the case with Pakistan in 1947. Reason. After the establishment of Pakistan, there was huge language controversy speared over Pakistan. refused to give. However, the fate of some states remained undecided. You will get quality. Perhaps the major problem which Pakistan faced was not known by its own people. Unfair Boundary Distribution 3.Division of Military Assets 4.Division of financial assets: 5. Nobody can deny that in the early year predominant leadership of Quaid-e-Azam was a source of strength for Pakistan. What the Indian government hoped was that by withholding the money, Pakistan would become bankrupt. The vast distance between them also meant that there were significant differences and outlook between the people of the two different regions. Most of the. Pakistan came into existence on 14th august 1947. Student at Sindh Madressatul Islam University. Though 62 years have been passed and 23 policies and action plans have been introduced yet the educational sector is waiting for an arrival of a savior. Karachi was chosen as the capital of Pakistan. In this video lecture, We will discuss the Initial issues and Problems of Pakistan. In 1947 he began a campaign to get Muslims out of Kashmir. By July 1947, the question of partition was resolved with the fulfillment of the demand for Pakistan., INITIAL PROBLEMS FACED AFTER THE CREATION OF PAKISTAN. The population of Junagadh State, a small coastal state 300 miles south east of Karachi, was mostly Hindu. That not only harms the quality of education but creates a gap among haves and has not. to India hence providing them a gateway to Kashmir. Pakistan was made up of states that were mostly underdeveloped, with very little Industry. Role of Quaid Updated Strategy 1. Unfortunately, this vision was never transformed into reality; the nation created as a home for the British Indias Muslims six decades ago today represent one of the world most troubling states in crisis (Crisis Guide: Pakistan).Why cant Pakistan flourish? In order to embarrass Pakistan financially, India did a lot of honesty in the matters of Pakistan, which were concerned with its benefits. was announced on 16 August. The allocation of funds for education is very low. Pakistan lacked both the administrative and the government machinery to run the affairs of a new country. Analysis of the Boundary Award Soon after its establishment Pakistan faced number of problems. There were only 2500 trained Muslim officers, as the British Indian army had favored Hindu officers. Constitutional Problem. In other military matters the Indians once again failed to keep to the agreement. Division of the subcontinents assets, Pakistan did not do well. Most of the problems of Pakistan were related with Pakistan dispute with India, such as the accession of the princely states, canal Water dispute, refugees' problems and distribution of armed and military assets. The Indian Muslims happily and valiantly laid down, their lives and properties to achieve a destination in which they saw the full-fill of their, dreams of living an independent life free. The ratio of gender discrimination is a cause which is projecting the primary school ratio of boys & girls which is 10:4 respectively. Pakistan is facing a health crisis with rising rates of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which disproportionately affect poor families, with possible side effects of disability and premature death, and worsening poverty as people pay for medical treatment out of their own pockets. [ CSS/PMS FPSC/PPSC EXAM]. 10. These were mostly at the highest rank, for this was where were no Muslims officers at all. From india, Justice maherchad mahajan and justice tej singh. This creates a sort of disparity among people, dividing them into two segments. The constituent assembly failed to frame a constitution even in eight years. The Kashmir dispute is one of the worst problems in Pakistan till now. The armed forces personnel were given freedom to opt for whichever country they wanted. Developed By Perfexcode. The constitution of the islamic republic of pakistan, 1973[1], The search for peace - pakistan and india, Imbalance between the "Three Tiers of State", Tax evasion - 90%+ of the people don't pay any taxes, Very high tax rate for those who do pay taxes, Availability of heavy weaponry to criminals, Lack of clean drinking water for the majority of the population, Armed and violent gangs in Karachi, including Lyari and Sohrab Goth, Large areas of the country where the writ of the state does not apply, The tendency for people to vote for corrupt, failed, treacherous politicians, Awful built quality of roads, bridges and other infrastructure, Spread of Indian culture via film and television, Spread of Western culture via film and television, Lack of hospitals, clinics, doctors etc, especially in rural areas, Mixing of junk into food products by unscrupulous people, Capital flight - everyone who can sending their money abroad, sinking moral values due to foreign culture and media invasion, distrust between the centre and the provinces, consumer market instead of productive market, corruption in the state institutions and misappropriation of foreign aid, Uneducated elders versus modernized youth, Poor participation of women in state affairs, US influence, role of intelligence agencies and illiterate masses, Unfriendly environment for local and foreign investors, Poor industrial and agricultural production, Diminishing positive impression of state institutions army, bureaucracy and judiciary. On 29 December 1930, Sir Muhammad Iqbal called for an autonomous new state in "northwestern India for Indian Muslims". And soon shall Pakistan make its way to the soaring heights of Progress and development. 6,093 ViewsWritten by Anum Saba There are socio-economic problems that hinder the way to become a developed or self-sufficient state, [] All Categories. 7 StepsCSS Essay Social NetworkingCSS ESSAY on Information TechnologyCSS Essay Impacts of Media with Outline | By Aqsa Imtiaz (CSS/PMS 2020 Qualified)CSS English Essay | Winning without Fighting12345613>>. Initial Difficulties of Pakistan: From its very inception, Pakistan faced a large number of problems. MUSLIM SCIENTIST IBN HAYTHAM? 3 Kashmir Dispute . It was agreed to split the army along religious lines as n the below below. There was an establishment set up of the boundary commission that was arranged under the supervision of British Chairman, Sir Cyril Redcliff. The Muslim Nawab governing Junagadh, Hyderabad Deccan was the largest and richest state ruled by Muslim leader Nizam who, decided to remain independent. determination but due to non-cooperation of India, Kashmir issue still remain unsolved. Religious Intolerance 3. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. After the death of Quaid-e-Azam though there were great leaders too, but unfortunately none of them was of the caliber of Quaid-e-Azam. Most of the problems of Pakistan were related with Pakistan dispute with India, such as the accession of the princely states, canal Water dispute, refugees problems and distribution of armed and military assets. At the time of Partition the subcontinents 565 princely states were ruled by Nawabs, Nizams, and Maharajas. In this video lecture, We will discuss the Initial issues and Problems of Pakistan. 8.Kashmir Dispute Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Unemployment 9. The situation in Pakistan, like many other developing countries, is not very encouraging. Which is not a good sign, with a result that more than half of the literate ones are also not educated in a completely proper way? Redcliff Award Handed over Some of the Muslim Majority Areas that were Contiguous to the Boundary of Pakistan to India: These areas included. (2016, Oct 21). Infect most of these problems were deliberately created by India itself so that Pakistan would not maintain its independent status and soon merged with India. The Fundamental Aim Behind This, To Provide The Quality Of Knowledge To The Aspirants. As expected the representatives of India and Pakistan were unable to reach on an agreement and Redcliff announced his own decisions on 16th August 1947. 3. Some of the initial difficulties were 1. The geographical distance between East and West Pakistan made it difficult to govern as one country. By 15th August most of these states announced their accession to either India or Pakistan except Kashmir, Hyderabad and Junagadh. Instruction in Youth is Like Engraving in Stone | Major Education Problems in Pakistan and Solutions (CSS Essay) | Vacancy Corner. Kashmir. Your email address will not be published. Initial Problems of Pakistan. Pakistan was promised to get Rs. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Dispute was finally settled when an agreement called Indus Basin treaty. Some of the initial, The first problem that Pakistan had to face was to choose a capital to form a Government and, to establish a secretariat. Pakistan refused to accept this result and protested to the United Nations, but the situation was not resolved. These all are brain blasting and heart pinching for all true Pakistanis., On the 18, July 1947 India declared its independence from the British Empire after almost 200 years of being rule over the country. There were terrible acts of communal violence carried out on both sides of the border which both India and Pakistan would rather forget. The League was disappointed to hear that Calcutta was given to India, even though it was surrounded by Muslim areas. In the year 1948, India did stop the water supply to the side of Pakistan canals that damaged their agriculture system massively. In our town we did not have any record of communal violence. Even more serious fact was that offices and factories could not work properly because nearly all the Hindu and Sikh staff left Pakistan and majority of the refugees that arrived in Pakistan were peasant and unskilled and they were inexperience for the jobs that were waiting for them. Challenges to Pakistan's Economy. Soon after its, establishment Pakistan faced number of problems. Pakistan in particular, as a new and not wealthy country, did not have the necessary facilities to house millions of new citizens. Even in areas where there had been no communal violence, there was tension. They are not professionally trained teachers so they are unable to train a nation. seminary system imparting children solely with religious education and no emphasis on modern studies, producing a generation that knows well about religion but is deprived of essential modern education. Quaid-e-Azam died on 11th September 1948. 4 . Quaid-e-Azam took the office of the Governor, General, Liaquat Ali Khan was appointed as Prime, Minister and a Cabinet of experienced persons was, A boundary commission was set up under a British, Chairman, Sir Cyril Redcliff. Sub-district of Ajnala in Amritsar district There are so many leaders who took an active part in the Pakistan freedom movement and their day and night struggle, at last, gave Muslims with the separate nation state. This was made worse by the fact that while over half of the population of Pakistan lived in East Pakistan, the majority of the government and army leaders came from West Pakistan. It was estimated that only West Pakistani received 5.5 million refugees and one sixth of the entire population of West Pakistan consisted of refugees. By continuing well The Indian government sent troops to surrounded the state. India had officials, member of the Indian National Congress, with political influence under the British and they had experience both of the election process and of holding political office. From the moment Pakistan came into being, we have faced many issues in the shape of poverty, unemployment, crime, low status of women, child marriage, rape, and gender inequality. In spite of their promises, on 1 April 1948, India shut off the waters flowing into Pakistan from the Ferozpur headworks in East Punjab and stopping the water supply for Lahore and threating more than 1.65 million acres of agriculture land. This cause a great anarchy in Kashmir and Maharaja signed a secret document and give Kashmir accession to india and flew to England. It is not restricted to the schools only. Importance of Education Education in Pakistan Problems in Education of Pakistan Problems in Education 1. The teachers in government schools are not well trained. the British system of government had given these diverse people very little opportunity to participate in government. As a supporter of non-violence, he used the threat of a hunger strike and successfully persuaded the Indian government to pay a further 500 million rupees. It is being explained here aboutInitial Problems Of Pakistan After Independence. Teachers, professors and educationists should be consulted while devising any plan, syllabus or policy. But pressure tactics began to the applied by Indian, Government and Mountbatten. The Founder Of This Website Is, Muhammad Fawad Khan & Thipphaphone Pongviengthong Serendipity. Design: An Initial Product and the Iteration Process, Problems of National Integration Between East and West Pakistan, Economic Problems Causing Marriage and Family Problems. 4.Division of financial assets: LUMS, IBA, GIKI etc these institutions are meant for the elite class, developing social class differences between the students of lower class institutes who might have better abilities and caliber than the students of these institutes, but their intelligence goes neglected, resulting in a waste of talent that could bring Pakistan to the best of its Success and development. Good relations and cooperation with any organization working for same With thanks to CSS e Guide __________________ Ahmad Shakeel Babar . Education provides the ladder for achieving success in life and enables us to utilize skills and caliber in a constructive way. Supplemental understanding of the topic including revealing main issues described in the particular theme; Technical education must be given to all the classes. incomprehensible and even perverse award. Comprised of most of Bengal (but not Calcutta) and the district of sylhet, which voted in a referendum to join Pakistan. The Government of Pakistan, could not get enough time to set up workable administrative machinery because of the great, difficulties created by Congress. Pakistan received only 200 million Rupees. It is an alarming and unsolved problem yet. Indeed the country was split into two separate parts almost a thousand miles apart. Demolition of a Mosque at Khanpur 5. However these states were advised to consider geographical location and religious trends of their respective states before accession to the either country. Indeed some historians have gone as far as suggesting that really it was five different nations. Pakistan has continuously insisted that Kashmir must get their right of self-. Implementation instead of projecting policies should be focused on. As we all know that Pakistan was turned into the separate state and land after so long struggle and freedom fight movement. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. It was decided by the British administration that Pakistan and India would receive a share of the assets. By the end of 1947 India and Pakistan were so concerned about the communal violence that they began to cooperate in trying to control it. Balkan war (Italy-Turkey) 3. This is an Essay on "Democracy in Pakistan" for CSS, PMS, and Judiciary Examinations. Karachi was named to be the capital of Pakistan. Copyright 2023 service.graduateway.com. This referendum has not been held and the Kashmir Issue remains a major source of discontent between the two countries today. Shahzad Faisal Malik has worked as a Graphic Designer/Content Creator at CSSTimes in the past. So New Generations Better Perform For The Coming Challenges. Just talk to our smart assistant Amy and she'll connect you with the best It is only 1.5 to 2.0 percent of the total GDP. Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people and exercised by them . Education System is based on Unequal Lines 2. The dispute also involved Kashmir, as three rivers-Indus, Jhelum, Jhelum and Chenab -came through Indian-occupied territory. Ratio of Gender Discrimination 4. (function() { If this problem is cured well, then our country can easily overcome all other problems. The railways were stopped and Junagadh State ran short of food. The members of East Pakistan demanded to regulate Bengali as National Language. He made the use of his powers in the wrong direction and handed over Muslims majority areas. This reflected the relative size and population of the two countries. This Website Was Founded In June 2020. Besides these factors the technical experts and, labourers, who operated the industries, were all Hindus because the Muslims extremely, lagged behind in education and financial capabilities. (d) Our Share in the World Trade is shrinking. Early problems of Pakistan or initial problems of Pakistan were in various directions. (a) We Consume More and Save Less. Karachi alone received nearly two million refugees in 1947. Retrieved from https://graduateway.com/initial-problems-of-pakistan/, Economy Of Pakistan Research Paper Pakistan, Preeclampsia Top of Form Initial History and Assessment, Measurement Subsequent To Initial Recognition Accounting. to help you write a unique paper. As one historian has since stated Most of leaders of Congress subscribed to the view that Pakistan was not a viable state politically, economically, geographically or militarily and that sooner or later the areas which had ceded would be compelled by force of circumstances to return to the fold. This was the challenge for the Quiad-e-Azam; to establish the new country and to hold it together, despite the many initial problems it faced at the time of partition. Promotion of the primary education is the need of time. The office of governor-General was supposed to be a ceremonial one, but Jinnah ignored this. But Pakistan was to face many more problems. On 14 August 1947 Quiad-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah took oath as the Governor General of Pakistan. Due to the communal violence millions of Indian Muslims leaving there property started migrating towards Pakistan. Students can prepare forr any kind of test including General Knowledge About Pakistan With Answers for the preparing the written test for NTS, JTS, PTS, OTS, JTS, GTS, BTS, CTS, Pak Army, Pak Navy, PAF, Police, Rangers And All armed forces, Fpsc, kppsc, ppsc, ajkpsc, ,BPSC, SPSC, CSS, NTS, ETEA, ETS, JTS, MTS, CTS. AL BERUNI?, There are following important Points of Pitts India Act : 1784 East India Company to do trading only., Table of Contents Hide Finally peace was declared of the 1857 War of Independence on By 1869 only, Table of Contents Hide In June 1945, Lord Wavell convened the conference and invited Muslim League and Congress., EARLY PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN. Later the Pakistani province of East Pakistan will declare its independence from Pakistan which became the country Bangladesh. The Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan says, The state of Pakistan shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period.. Due to political instability government is also unable to implement its policies. In 1958 a temporary agreement was reached between the two countries and the World Bank, and finally, in September 1959, the Indus water treaty was signed and the problem resolved. Terrorism/Sovereignty Violation 2. 1.Choice of Capital and Establishment of Government 2. var _Hasync= _Hasync|| []; Gurdaspur also had a Muslim majority. 750 million but the Indian govt. However, Quaid-, e-Azam paid his immediate attention towards setting up of administrative machinery and took. The sudden partition of India left homeless large numbers of Hindus and Sikhs in Pakistan and a number of Muslims in India. Burdening students with so much books will not work as he will not understand what the world is going to do next moment. Pakistan also didnt receive the due share of the military assets. 1960 on agreement called Indus Basin Treaty was signed between the two countries. The principally Muslim population, having seen the early and covert arrival of Indian troops, rebelled and things got out of the Maharajas hands. Each state had its own laws, collected its own taxes, and in some cases kept its own army. The educational system of Pakistan is based on unequal lines. The treaty was signed between Ayub Khan the president of Pakistan and Nehru the Indian Prime Minister on September 19, 1962. The creation of Pakistan was based on the religious ideology of Islam and the concept of two-nation theory, In the Objective Resolution adopted on 22nd January 1947, the Constituent Assembly declared its firm and solemn resolve to make India an Independent Sovereign Republic, where the States shall possess and retain the status of autonomous units. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. One issue which was not resolved by 15 August was the boundary between Muslim and non-Muslims areas. It raises the productivity and efficiency of individuals and thus produces skilled manpower that is capable of leading the economy towards the path of sustainable economic development. [6] The League rose to popularity in the late 1930s. This is how to remove illiteracy in Pakistan. The military supplies which India agreed to hand over did not arrive at times, or when they did, they were often old ,worn, damaged and obsolete. But in 1940, Quaid-e-Azam declared Urdu and Urdu alone would be the national language of Pakistan. Pakistan was promised to get Rs. Most of the problems of Pakistan were related withPakistan dispute with India, such as the accession of the princely states, canal Water dispute, refugees' problems and distribution of armed and military . Furthermo, chairs, tables or even stationery and paper pins for administrative purposes. The Indian government promised not to interfere with the supply of water to Pakistan. For example, in East Punjab there was a week of sustained attacks on Muslims in August 1947. The Indian government put pressure on him to join India and in August 1948 complained that armed Muslims were raiding Villages on Indias side of the Hyderabad border. Before partition Mountbatten had urged the Maharaja to hold referendum to see what his people wanted to do. The award was partial, unjust and unfair to Pakistan as cliff handed over number of Muslim majority areas which were contiguous to the boundary of. It is perhaps enough to say that in the summer of 1947 emotions ran so high that ordinary, peace-loving Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims became caught up in acts of violence of which they would never have considered themselves capable. The agricultural system was obsolete and outdated which added to the. Soon after its establishment Pakistan faced number of problems. PMS : Provincial Public Service Commission Examinations. The primary completion rate in Pakistan, given by Date Center of UNESCO, is 33.8% in females and 47.18% in males, which shows that people in the 6th largest country of the world are unable to get the basic education. Neither side was strong enough for a long war in January 1948 the matter was referred to the UNO. However, in my opinion, the worst problem is the governance/good governance (or it can be termed as 'acute leadership crisis'). Partition had been made along religious lines in the hopes of easing tensions between Muslims and Hindu communities-instead it made matter worse. Artillery divisions: Pakistan was given 8 and India 40. Many. The leaders of India had accepted the partition of the subcontinent in the expectation that Pakistan would not be able to survive. Indian help came only after the Maharaja agreed to accede to India. Devalued Currency 8. Soon after its establishment Pakistan faced number of problems. This continues at higher education level as well, e.g. India attacked, When Pakistan came into existence, it mostly consisted of economically backward and, underdeveloped areas. In the years immediately before partition, there was widespread violence between the Muslims and the non-Muslims communities across India. The very first problem faced by the side of Pakistan was the choice of capital all along with the establishment of the Government side. ' is attempted by Ehtisham Akbar, the top scorer in CSS Criminology paper. The communication and transportation, est Pakistan, comparatively, was in better, two wings were scarce and negligible which were insufficient to meet the national, Pakistan came into being under the most appalling conditions. The Hindu Dogra Rule, who was secretly with the Government of India, declared Kashmir as, a part of India. 94% found this document useful (16 votes), 94% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 6% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save Initial Problems of Pakistan For Later, The emergence of Pakistan, after a long and arduous freedom movement, was in-fact a great, victory of the democratic idea of life. Rulers of these princely states were given option by the British government either to join India, Pakistan or remain independent. In the matter of embarrassing Pakistan on financial terms, Indian showcase honesty towards Pakistan in the matters where they did witness their own advantage. The violence ranged from attack on property and arson to mob violence in which the most terrible acts were carried out. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. The Nawab and his family escaped to Karachi. Although it is projected to give new plans and to make more promises with the nation. From its very inception , Pakistan faced a large number of problems . The British were, at first, reluctant to divide the armed forces but eventually it was agreed that they should be split 36% to 44% between Pakistan and India. For some years the Quaid-e-Azam had suffered from tuberculosis. It was like a festival, at least at my place people were very expectant, hopeful of things to come. India refused to pay the rest, saying Pakistan would only use it to buy arms to fight against India. Economic Problems 6.Issue of national language 7.Electricity Problem Muslims regiments went to Pakistan and non-Muslims to India. They did not want to see Pakistan become strong military military, especially as they were fighting in Kashmir. Even if all the atrocities of communal violence had been recorded, there would be too many sad events in that year to list. 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