largest immigrant groups by statelargest immigrant groups by state

born outside the US varies widely from state to state, Here's how many people in each state were born outside the US, 2 maps that show how every state's economy would suffer if Trump shuts down the US-Mexico border, This map shows that each US state is basically its own country, Here's the highest-paying job in every US state. where they are the largest immigrant group. Lawful immigrants made up the majority of the immigrant workforce, at 21.2 million. Indeed, a plurality (44 percent) of Indian Americans born in the United States say that they feel more American than Indian (compared to 23 percent of foreign-born respondents). In both instances, roughly three-quarters of perpetrators were identified as non-Indians. 19 Chakravorty, Kapur, and Singh, The Other One Percent, table 2.2 and figure 2.4. In 2018, roughly 11.2 million immigrants living in the U.S. were from there, accounting for 25% of all U.S. immigrants. The survey instrument contains 157 questions organized across six modules: basic demographics; immigration, citizenship, and family background; presidential campaigns and voting; U.S. politics and foreign policy; culture and social behavior; and Indian politics. New immigrant arrivals have fallen, mainly due to a decrease in the number of unauthorized immigrants coming to the U.S. The survey, drawing on both citizens and non-citizens in the United States, was conducted online using YouGovs proprietary panel of 1.8 million Americans and has an overall margin of error of +/- 2.8 percent. Overall, Hindi is the most common mother tongue (19 percent), followed by Gujarati (14 percent), English only (10 percent), and Telugu (10 percent)the latter is the primary language of the southern states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.22 Eight percent of respondents report Tamil as their mother tongue, while 7 percent apiece report Punjabi or Bengali. In certain cases, these larger groupings consist of smaller denominations that have been aggregated upward. True False True 51 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?. When it comes to online discussions of politics, 28 percent of U.S.-born citizens posted comments about political issues on an online forum, compared to 18 percent of foreign-born citizens and 14 percent of non-citizens. Responses are very divided. Favorite. Furthermore, the earlier version of the chart incorrectly showed thepartialyear shares of Hispanic and Asian recent arrivals in 2015; the correctedcompleteyear shares are 31% and 36%, respectively. When it comes to discussing politics with family and friends, there are only small differences across citizenship status. Much larger shares believe that other minority groups face greater discrimination than Indian Americans, including Latino Americans (90 percent), LGBTQ Americans (89 percent), African Americans (86 percent), and women (86 percent). Thirty-seven percent of Congress supporters are somewhat comfortable having friends who support the BJP (identical to the share of BJP supporters who are somewhat comfortable having Congress friends), but just 23 percent say they are very comfortable having BJP supporters as friends (for BJP supporters, the analogous share is 35 percent). Seventy-four percent of Hindu respondents who report not identifying with a caste nevertheless know enough to be able to identify the caste identities of their social networks. 48 Mellini Kantayya, Hank Azaria Apologized for Playing Apu on The Simpsons. I Accept, Washington Post, April 22, 2021, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/22/hank-azaria-apologized-playing-apu-i-accept-i-appreciate-it/. non-profit organization funded by charitable support and advertising. The remaining 23 percent of the sample consists of immigrants residing in the United States who do not hold U.S. citizenship. By contrast, more than half (57%) of immigrants who have lived in the U.S. for 20 years or more are proficient English speakers. This section reviews respondents views on discrimination against Indian Americans. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. There is some evidence to suggest that there are vintage effects: the longer a respondent has spent in the United States, the less emphasis they place on their Indian identityperhaps a reflection of their gradual integration into their adopted homeland. Specifically, this study addresses seven questions concerning the social realities of Indian Americans: This study is the third in a series of empirical papers on the Indian American community. Caste has long been a sensitive and controversial issue in discussions about the Indian American community. Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 14, 2020, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/14/how-will-indian-americans-vote-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-82929. To provide an accurate picture of the Indian American community as a whole, the full sample contains both U.S. citizens and nonU.S. Many Indian immigrants might have brought with them identities rooted in their ancestral homeland, while others have eschewed them in favor of a nonhyphenated American identity. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 38 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?, 1213. The top countries of origin for immigrants were India (11 percent of immigrants), Mexico (8 percent), China (6 percent), the Philippines (3 percent), and Canada (3 percent). One possibility is that the person or persons engaged in caste discrimination could be from another South Asian country, where caste might be a meaningful marker of status and hold greater salience.50 Another possibility is that respondents interpret caste discrimination as a stand-in for other forms of discriminationon the basis of skin color or country of origin, for example. Most of the nations unauthorized immigrant population lived in these top metro areas as well. The survey also asks respondents how comfortable they would be if a son/daughter married someone from a particular background. In addition to asking respondents about their religious identity, the survey also asks them about the role religion plays in their life. Tuesday, May 20, 2014 . Another way of examining respondents regional connections in India is to look at their linguistic backgrounds. Immigrants often import social norms from their home countries to their newly adopted homes. However, there is marked variation by place of birth. Eight out of ten respondents say they have a spouse or partner of Indian origin (ranging from 85 percent of foreign-born respondents to 71 percent of U.S.-born respondents). Nearly half or around 45% of all Asian immigrants or those of Asian origins live in the West, with around a third (31%) currently living in California . The differences are most pronounced among those who say being Indian is very important to them. How do Indian Americans relate to the Indian American community writ large. Report. Pew Research Center estimates indicate that in 2065, those who identify as Asian will make up some 38% of all immigrants; as Hispanic, 31%; White, 20%; and Black, 9%. At Carnegie, we owe special thanks to Samuel Brase and Cooper Hewell for their editorial assistance. He is the author of When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics and hosts a weekly Carnegie podcast on Indian politics and policy, Grand Tamasha. First, as noted above, the data on caste identification is restricted to Hindu respondents. This study is the third in a series on the social, political, and foreign policy attitudes of Indian Americans. Immigrants from Canada (96%), Oceania (82%), Europe (75%) and sub-Saharan Africa (74%) have the highest rates of English proficiency. The IAAS sample includes both citizens and non-U.S. citizens; the former category accounts for 77 percent of the survey respondents. 48 (2010): 99106. One should treat these findings with caution. Give Orange. The Government of India maintains an Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) designation for persons of Indian origin residing abroad who do not hold Indian citizenship. Nearly one in five (19 percent) identify this way, compared to 10 percent of Muslims and only 6 percent of Hindus. However, Hindus and Muslims exhibit less comfort when it comes to having close friends of the opposite faith. As one might expect, the composition of respondents social networks varies by their birthplace. Educational attainment varies among the nations immigrant groups, particularly across immigrants from different regions of the world. In all 15 states except West Virginia the total population increased between 2010 and 2016. Just 9 percent of them hold the same views vis--vis the Congress. An estimated 50.6 million American residents, or a little more than 15% of the countrys 331.4 million inhabitants, were born abroad. 4 Sanjoy Chakravorty, Devesh Kapur, and Nirvikar Singh, The Other One Percent: Indians in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017). Thirty percent of non-citizen IAAS respondents possess a green card (or a permanent residency card), which places them on a pathway to gaining U.S. citizenship. Therefore, the map above looks at the country other than Mexico that is the birthplace of the most foreign-born respondents in the survey. On average, an H-1B visa holder reports living in the United States for eight years, although 36 percent of H-1B beneficiaries report spending more than a decade in the country (that is, they arrived before 2010). See More by this Creator. Sixteen percent of Indian Americans report being discriminated against by virtue of their Indian heritage. But that same visibility also invites greater scrutiny, shedding light on tensions within the community. Of course, the composition of ones social networks is likely to be affected by their location. Sign up for notifications from Insider! Forty percent of respondents report praying either several times a day or once a daysignificantly more than the 27 percent of the sample that attends religious services at least once a week. As with political parties in the American context, there is a certain degree of asymmetric polarization as far as supporters of the Congress and the BJP are concerned, although both groups are generally more hostile toward supporters of the opposing Indian party than is true in the analogous case of Republicans and Democrats (see figure 24). Immigrants in the U.S. as a whole have lower levels of education than the U.S.-born population. We are grateful to Ashley Grosse, Alexander Marsolais, and their colleagues at YouGov for their help with the design and execution of the survey. One might expect, however, that the importance of a respondents Indian identity might vary by their place of birth. However, Mexican lawful immigrants have the lowest naturalization rate overall. Other regions contributing smaller percentages of immigrants included the Middle East and North Africa (4%), sub-Saharan Africa (5%), South America (7%), Central America (8%), the Caribbean (10%), and as well as Europe, Canada and other North America (13%). The next largest origin groups were those from China (6%), India (6%), the Philippines (4%) and El Salvador (3%). Nearlyhalf a million immigrantscall Minnesota home, a population that includes citizens and non-citizens, students and workers, and refugees who fled their home countries. How do Indian Americans perceive their own ethnic identity and how much emphasis do they place on their Indian-ness? Comments. For Indian Americans, the past is not just a distant country. Fewer than one in ten respondents (9 percent) do not participate in any of these seven holidays. She holds a PhD in political science from the University of Pennsylvania. Can you name the largest immigrant groups from each continent in Norway? For respondents who experienced discrimination, the survey asks whether the perpetrators of discrimination were Indian, non-Indian, or both (see figure 28). A much higher share of U.S.-born citizens report attending a protest (18 percent) than either foreign-born citizens (8 percent) or non-citizens (4 percent). By region of birth, immigrants from Asia combined accounted for 28% of all immigrants, close to the share of immigrants from Mexico (25%). Among those immigrant populations, countries of origin also vary widely. The survey asks respondents whether they participate in a set of holidays, some associated with India and others that are either associated with the United States or are more global in nature. May 3, 2016. These views, in turn, are further affected both by selection effects (who emigrates) and political dynamics in the country of settlement. In many ways, the community is often portrayed as the poster child of Americas historic opening to new immigrants whoin ways big and smallhave transformed the country. Forty-seven percent of Hindu respondents report identifying with a caste, which means the majority (53 percent) said that they do not personally identify with a caste group of any kind. . Respondents who acknowledge a caste identity are only slightly more likely to report that some of their social network is made up of people of the same caste (41 percent versus 33 percent for those without a caste identity). This section provides a snapshot of the Indian American population in the United States, as captured by the IAAS. by subscribing, you agree to our Privacy Policy. Some 27% of immigrants were permanent residents and 5% were temporary residents in 2017. Homophilythe tendency of individuals to associate with people similar to themselvesis a strong determinant of social networks.41 But which dimensionreligion, region of origin, or castedrives ones associations? While the former report that a slightly higher share of their social network comprises people of the same caste, if one sets aside the dont know responses, the relative differences between caste identifiers and non-identifiers is marginal. At the time, most immigrants from what was then British India were in fact Sikhs, not Hindus. Ten percent of IAAS respondents identify as South Asian American, a term which refers to diaspora populations from countries across the region such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Another 23% of all immigrants were unauthorized immigrants. Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees. It appears that respondents social networks are more homogenous in terms of religion than either region or caste. Third, Christians are much more likely to report that hardly any or none of their Indian friends share their religion. Overall, 19 percent of respondents report having a spouse who is not of Indian origin, but this is slightly more common among men (22 percent) than women (16 percent). . The drop in the unauthorized immigrant population can primarily be attributed to more Mexican immigrants leaving the U.S. than coming in. And, finally, 5 percent of all respondents report having encountered discrimination due to their caste identity. Once more, U.S.-born citizens lead the pack with 22 percent of them reporting participation in this activity. The survey asks respondents if they are a member of any Indian American organization or group, such as a cultural, regional, religious, caste, community, or school-based organization. Respondents for this survey were recruited from an existing panel administered by YouGov. Hover over a state to view the total number of immigrants and their top region of birth. Only adult respondents (ages eighteen and above) who identified as Indian American or a person of (Asian) Indian origin were able to participate in the survey. The differences are especially stark for Diwali and Indian Independence Day, where the gap between the two groups is on the order of 20 percentage points. Eleven percent finished high school elsewhere, while only 8 percent had less than a high school education. 9 percent of Muslims and only 6 percent of them hold the views! 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