d. courtyard style, The __________ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s. b. New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed __________. a. maximum security The Military Commissions Act restricted unlawful enemy combatants rom filing ________ petitions. b. a. Judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are _______. An amount of money paid to the victims of a crime or to their relatives. For each of the following events, draw the new market outcome and say whether the equilibrium price and quantity will increase or decrease. The concept of good time is provided to prison residents in certain correctional facilities based on ________. The ______ and the Code of Hammurabi are the two earliest-known comprehensive statements regarding what behavior was prohibited and punishable. Rehabilitating people who had committed crimes. In instances when parole supervision is being revoked, people who committed a crime possess various _______ rights. >>Civil and Criminal Trials *Steps in a Trial* The graph in Figure 3P-4 shows supply and demand in the market for automobiles. Divergence in the length and types of sentences imposed for the same crime or crimes of comparable seriousness when no reasonable justification is known as a __________. >>Judgment What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to ____. c. not given corporal punishment as men were. >>Pleadings The American penitentiary was first conceptualized by _________. Women's Benevolence Association c. Spouses of people who have been incarcerated Jeremy Bentham argued that effective punishments prevent ________ in the future. In New England, the Puritans maintained a society governed by what type of principles? Which of the following is of particular importance for today's jail administrators? >>Sentencing a. never Calculate the required amortization for 2019 . According to community-based corrections the goal of the criminal justice system is to ______. Because intermediate sanctions rely on discretion there is an opportunity for: Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to _______. Some criminals get away with the crime that they have done. The leasing of prison residents to private entrepreneurs first hold in the _________. Prostitution is considered more a(n) _______ crime than a sex crime. Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct term or concept listed below. Explain what each of these formulas means in your own words. _______ clients are more likely to seek solitude. Prior to the 1960s, courts maintained a(n) __________ with respect to corrections. A set of rules of conduct that reflect the values and norms of the prison social system and help to define for inmates the characteristics associated with the model prisoner is known as the: WebIn a criminal trial, the defendant's lawyer can ask for a motion to dismiss the charges, arguing that the government has failed to prove its case. Describe the type d. House arrest, Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate ________in prison populations? __________ is an institutional for the incarceration of people convicted of crimes, usually felonies. >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases c. integration. The term wergild refers to which of the following? Recently, there has been a major emphasis on program to _______ individuals awaiting trial. Implementing intermediate sanctions has had three consequences. charge to the jury. d. maternal. a. clemency. a. the federal government. In effect, in both kinds of cases, the lawyer asks the judge to direct a verdict for the defendant. Organizations develop _______ to keep operating with inmates having regular and predictable responses to the staff. >>Instructions to the Jury b. solitary confinement. >>Jurisdiction and Venue a. in prison. Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to: b. Here are comparative statement data for Dean Company and Gerald Company, two competitors. The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created within: The _______ approach to criminology is based on the assumptions that human behavior is a product of biological, economic, psychological, and social factors, and that the scientific method can be applied to ascertain the causes of individual behavior. The _______ model of corrections emphasizes a punitive approach to corrections, including strict sentencing requirements. d. White. 1,000,000 Probationary sentences emphasize guidance and _______ in the community. A major drawback of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that _______. d. Colorado. b. the Department of Justice. Knowledge of the effectiveness of deterrence is limited because _____________. Which of the following early forms of execution was not as popular in England because it was less of a spectacle for crowds? Private enterprise has __________ played a role in American corrections. One of the most troubling trends in jails is the rate of incarceration for _______. b. Trenton The judge will advise the jury that it is the sole judge of the facts and of the credibility (believability) of witnesses. The emphasis of the ______ on the importance of hard work and on the sinfulness of sloth sparked European reformers to urge that some means be used to provide work for the idle poor. Net sales Which of the following is NOT one of the major sentencing structures currently used in the United States? b. less severely the pains of imprisonment are felt. Explain your answer. b. the same as 2013 Benefit of clergy was extended to ______. A system where jail operations are funded by a set amount paid for each person held per day is __________. Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of America's current jail population? 400,000 Suppose that we will randomly select a sample of nnn elements from a population and that we will compute the sample proportion p^\hat{p}p^ of these elements that fall into a category of interest. Bell v Wolfish b. incapacitation 60,000 >>Rebuttal d. both save money and reduce reliance on prisons. >>Mistrials d. fire fighting. Home confinement is best suited to: a small number of people are responsible for a disproportionate number of violent and property crimes. >>The Jury Pool c. more coerced than in male prisons. d. All of these, When women are released to the community, many must deal with which of the following? For instance, judges may typically consider factors that include the following: the defendant's past criminal record, age, and sophistication whether the defendant genuinely feels remorse. What factors do judges use in determining sentences? Jeremy Bentham's classic prison design known as the ________ called for a circular building with a glass roof and cells on each story and around the circumferences of the penitentiary so that the convicted people could be viewed at all times to ensure they were abiding by prison rules. Movement within the continuum of sanctions is contingent upon: c. performance at each level of sentencing accountability. ____________ is a congressional task that involves helping constituents with problems. All these activities are part of _______. d. campus design. >>Motions Which of the following is NOT a pressure experienced by local jails? Businesses have an ethical responsibility d. lacking consistency. Legislature concerned with the correctional goal of treatment usually prescribe a(n) _________. c. gang tensions b. gangs. d. one quarter, The differences between male and female prison subcultures have been attributed to the nurturing, ________ qualities of women. Programs that deal with developmentally disabled clients have recently focused on _________. >>Discovery d. camaraderie, Inmates who fall victim to sexual violence while incarcerated tend to be: ***Instructions*** ________ clients are likely to have committed a crime because they have been exploited by others. The process by which a new inmate absorbs the customs of the prison society and learns to adapt to the environment is known as: Of the following populations, who are the most statistically likely to get in trouble with the law and eventually end up in prison? In which year did the US government announce that for the first time in more than 30 years, the corrections system, including prisons, held fewer people than the year before? Courthouses with just two judges sometimes had larger sentencing differences than courthouses a. chivalrous The number of items that a prisoner may purchase or receive through legitimate channels ____________from state to state and from facility to facility: d. bias. c. mothers. b. medical personnel a. the institution of strict regimes in prisons. d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators. 1960s. 18,000 c. minimum security >>Bringing the Charge Jury reform recommendations in some states encourage standardized instructions, giving the jurors copies or a recording of the instructions. b. like delicate flowers. a. The penitentiary was to be a place where _________. c. rehabilitation c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders. 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